Friday, January 24, 2020
My Mom the Matchmaker :: Personal Narrative Profile
My Mom the Matchmaker I was walking around Fairfield High's Arts and Crafts show last weekend when I saw a mirror with that saying engraved around the edge. I didn't know whether to buy it for my mother or myself. I don't think many 17-year-old girls see a similarity between themselves and their mothers. That seems to come much later in life, if at all. But then again, most 17-year-old girls don't have a mother like mine. . . My mother made a list of colleges she wanted me to consider based on the ratio of men to women: Connecticut College was at the top. . . 600 male cadets right across the street. My mother is a professional matchmaker and my brother and I are her biggest challenges. Other third grade girls had arts and crafts parties, or pizza and video sleepovers. . . I had a boy/girl "silver disco" nighttime affair in my finished basement. Mom removed all the furniture, strung up white lights, pre-recorded all the music, and insisted that all the third grade boys arrive in ties and jackets. Their mothers said they would never come. Well, every one of them showed up, all decked out, to my mother's delight. My party was the social event of third grade. . . we still watch the video today! Mom just loves romance, what else can I say? She made her first match when she was a freshman in college, and they just celebrated their 27th anniversary. She also unknowingly fixed up my dad's gay roommate with her lesbian 2nd cousin . . .they actually dated for months before breaking the news to each other, and then to my mom. She even arranged prom dates for four seniors two days before the prom, and considered starting a venture called "Prom Partners." Not at my high school, I warned her. Back in seventh grade, when everyone was in the midst of their "first romance," Mom would always volunteer to drive the carpools home from school dances or the movies. If she saw a new couple sitting in the third seat in her rearview mirror and she thought, given a little extra time, that magical first kiss might take place, she would just keep driving around the block to give romance a chance. Needless to say, all of my friends loved her. My Mom the Matchmaker :: Personal Narrative Profile My Mom the Matchmaker I was walking around Fairfield High's Arts and Crafts show last weekend when I saw a mirror with that saying engraved around the edge. I didn't know whether to buy it for my mother or myself. I don't think many 17-year-old girls see a similarity between themselves and their mothers. That seems to come much later in life, if at all. But then again, most 17-year-old girls don't have a mother like mine. . . My mother made a list of colleges she wanted me to consider based on the ratio of men to women: Connecticut College was at the top. . . 600 male cadets right across the street. My mother is a professional matchmaker and my brother and I are her biggest challenges. Other third grade girls had arts and crafts parties, or pizza and video sleepovers. . . I had a boy/girl "silver disco" nighttime affair in my finished basement. Mom removed all the furniture, strung up white lights, pre-recorded all the music, and insisted that all the third grade boys arrive in ties and jackets. Their mothers said they would never come. Well, every one of them showed up, all decked out, to my mother's delight. My party was the social event of third grade. . . we still watch the video today! Mom just loves romance, what else can I say? She made her first match when she was a freshman in college, and they just celebrated their 27th anniversary. She also unknowingly fixed up my dad's gay roommate with her lesbian 2nd cousin . . .they actually dated for months before breaking the news to each other, and then to my mom. She even arranged prom dates for four seniors two days before the prom, and considered starting a venture called "Prom Partners." Not at my high school, I warned her. Back in seventh grade, when everyone was in the midst of their "first romance," Mom would always volunteer to drive the carpools home from school dances or the movies. If she saw a new couple sitting in the third seat in her rearview mirror and she thought, given a little extra time, that magical first kiss might take place, she would just keep driving around the block to give romance a chance. Needless to say, all of my friends loved her.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Laser Intruder Alarm System
[LASER BASED SECURITY ALARM SYSTEM] This Document contains Project Report of Autumn 2012 of Course CT-111. PROJECT REPORT LASER BASED SECURITY ALARM ? An Alarm is a type of security equipment that can be used to safeguard houses and property. ? Now a days Burglar Crimes are continually rising with each passing day. ? Many have lost homes and families through violent burglaries in many countries ? Some of them lost most precious things such as Jewelry, Vehicles, huge investments in banks etc.. ? This led to the development of ALARM SYSTEM Basic circuit Alarm Interface: ? We used LDR to detect Laser Light. LDR pin was Fed to Op-Amp input leg. ? Clock pulse to 4017 was taken from Op-Amp output pin. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) ? LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful especially in light/dark sensor circuits. Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000 000 ohms, but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically. ? Which acts as an sensor for our circuit. Op-Amp-741 ? The OP AMP is a ââ¬ËLinear Amplifier ? Its main purpose is to amplify (increase) a weak signal ? The OP-AMP has two inputs, INVERTING -2nd pin and NONINVERTING ââ¬â 3rd pin, and one output at pin 6 1.An inverting amplifier ? Leg two is the input and the output is always reversed. In an inverting amplifier the voltage enters the 741 chip through leg two and comes out of the 741 chip at leg six. If the polarity is positive going into the chip, it becomes negative by the time it comes out through leg six. The polarity has been ââ¬Ëinvertedââ¬â¢. 2. A non-inverting amplifier ? Leg three is the input and the output is not reversed. In a non-inverting amplifier the voltage enters the 741 chip through leg three and leaves the 741 chip through leg six. This time if it is positive going into the 741 then it is still positive coming out.Polarity remains the same. How it helps ? ? When the illumination on LDR stops its resistance increas es so the leg 2 of Op-Amp gets less voltage. ? Then it acts as non-Inverting amplifier. ? It gives high voltage to transistor which ultimately passes current to buzzer and the buzzer buzzes. 4017-Timer ? The 4017 decade counter has ten outputs which go HIGH in sequence when a source of pulses is connected to the CLOCK input and when suitable logic levels are applied to the RESET and ENABLE inputs. ? Internally, the 4017 contains five bi-stable subunits. These are interconnected in a pattern known as a Johnson counter.The outputs of the bi-stables are decoded to give the ten individual outputs. Operating voltages and currents of 4017 Timer: ? Minimum-6v ? Maximum-15v ? Max current-15mA ? Max speed of operation-5MHz Pin Configuration: Output waveforms of 4017 Timer: Sensor Interface.. ? What if some Authentic Person want to enter into say some Bank-Locker system in some Banks. ? Here we will provide a unique Identification card. ? We used a sensor to recognize and electronic prototype d platform to switch off the Alarm system. Basic Circuit for Slot Sensor: Slot Sensor Working Principle: It contains an Infrared Light Emitting Diode and an photo transistor. ? When power is supplied to the IR-LED it emits IR rays towards the photo transistor. ? There is a finite voltage drop across resistor. ? In the absence of light, output carrier has high voltage. What is arduino? ? It is an open-sourced free electronic prototyping platform. ? In our project we used the arduino uno microcontroller. ? Uno has five analog inputs. ? Six pwm signal outputs. ? In our project Uno facilitates the use of the slot sensors. Code: ? The code consists of two parts, both mandatory o o ? ? ? 1. setup() 2. loop() etup() is used to set the various ports of the uno as i/o. loop()- this part of the code is run indefinetly. void setup() { pinMode(8,OUTPUT); pinMode(A0,INPUT); pinMode(A1,INPUT); pinMode(A2,INPUT); pinMode(A3,INPUT); Serial. begin(9600); } // sets pin 8 as OUTPUT port. // sets A0-5 // â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. // as INPUTS. They take in analog inputs // from the slot sensors and OpAmp out. /* a communication link between Uno and computer is set at 9600 baud. */ void loop() { int a0=analogRead(A0); int a1=analogRead(A1); int a2=analogRead(A2); // four variables a0-a3 are integer variables // these take in analog input values from the // corresponding ports. nt a3=analogRead(A3); // the input voltage what ever voltage is represented as a 0-1024 bit value. if( ! (a0>300 && a1>300 && a2>300 )) { If(a3>500) { tone(8,1000); buzzer at 8 /* a pwm signal with duty-cycle 50% is sent to a port with a time period of 1sec. */ delay(100); } } noTone(8); Transmitter & Receiver Interface: ? Say in some apartments or malls if we use Laser alarm system, if there is any robbery the alarm should beep at the security guard/control room. ? We will transmit the message to all security systems in the mall/apartment So that we can alert them. We used RF-Transmitter and Receiver to transmit the message. ? We used Encoding and Decoding Schemes for protected transmission. ? For that we used HT12E(Encoder), HT12D(Decoder). ? For Demonstration purpose we are using LEDââ¬â¢s to show the received message. Transmitter & Receiver: ? RF module comprises of an RF Transmitter and an RF Receiver. The transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) pair operates at a frequency of 434 MHz. ? In this RF system, the digital data is represented as variations in the amplitude of carrier wave. This kind of modulation is known as Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK). An RF transmitter receives serial data and transmits it wirelessly through RF through its antenna connected at pin4. ? The transmission occurs at the rate of 1Kbps ââ¬â 10Kbps. The transmitted data is received by an RF receiver operating at the same frequency as that of the transmitter. Overall view of Transmitter and Receiver: TWS-434 Transmitter: ? TWS-434: The transmitter output is up to 8mW at 433. 92MHz with a range of approximately 400 foot (o pen area) outdoors. Indoors, the range is approximately 200 foot ? The TWS-434 transmitter accepts digital inputs, can operate from 1. 5 to 12 Volts-DC Encoder-HT12E: This 18 pin IC consists of 8 address pins and 4 data pins with a transmission enable(TE) and oscillator pins ? Transmission takes place from DOUT pin only when TE pin is grounded. ? Address bits are significant because at the receiver the decoder matches the address bits and latch the output only when address bits are matched. Transmitter Circuit: â⬠¢ The message is present at the Data pins in the form of logic state (1 or 0). â⬠¢ Whenever a data pin is grounded along with TE, a 12 bit message signal is generated with its first 8 bits representing the address state and last 4 bits containing the data. The 0 state is encoded as a pulse higher duration and 1 state is encoded as pulse with shorter duration RWS-434 Receiver: â⬠¢ RWS-434: The receiver also operates at 433. 92MHz, and has a sensitivity of 3uV. Th e RWS-434 receiver operates from 4. 5 to 5. 5 voltsDC, and has both linear and digital outputs. Decoder-HT12D: ? The decoder receives serial address and data from a RF receiver which catches data through antenna. ? It compares the serial input data 3 times continuously with its local address. If no error or matched codes are found then the input data codes are decoded and then transferred to the output pin. The VT pin also goes high to indicate a Valid Transmission (VT). Soldering: ? ? We used chip sockets for Soldering purpose, So that we can prevent chips burning out while soldering. We used female strip for soldering in order to prevent RF-Transmitter and Receiver from burning offââ¬â¢s. Individual Contributions Nagendra Chowdary Before deciding on this project of LASER based intruder detection and security system, we had ideas about two or three other projects. We sat down in group and took up this project because we could divide work to each and every member in this project. I came up with the idea of using RF Transmitter and receiver so that in case of intruder detection, we can alarm the security person at some other place. I also spent considerable time on studying about the Slot Sensors which we have used to validate the entry of an authentic person. Apart from this, soldering was not an easy task for us as we were doing it for the first time. We made mistakes during soldering and had to de-soldering the circuit many times. Due to this, we all had to contribute to soldering part in turns.Circuit assembling was the most important aspect of our project. Earlier we had taken up a circuit from ââ¬Å"Electronics For Youâ⬠magazine. We spent almost two days on assembling that circuit but it didnââ¬â¢t work. After that we decided to change the circuit and instead of using LASER detecting diode, we used photo resistors. We tried to make the circuit simpler, so I studied all the components of the circuit and tried to remove some of them to see if th e circuit was still functioning. Apart from this, I compiled the data given by my group members to make the final presentation.Abhinav Tripathi Id: 201101001. We had decide to make a LASER based intruder detection alarm but I thought that it will be better to make it into a security system to validate the entry of authentic people. For this purpose I thought of making a card swapping system using LED and photoresistors so that when a person comes with a valid card the buzzer should not beep. Later, we searched internet and I decided to use slot sensors for this purpose. All the group members, suggested ways of integrating the buzzer and the sensor interface to ensure desired functionality.Soldering seemed to be tough task for us. I started with the soldering and was later joined by other group members too. I also made contribution in debugging the circuit several times when it didnââ¬â¢t work. All of us studied about the various components of the circuit. I did focused study of t he Timer- 4017 and the encoder used in RF transmitter. Apart from this, I also devoted time to understand the functioning of the slot sensors and finding equivalent resistance for slot sensor circuit, implemented it in our circuit. Srinivas SriVasthav Bontula Id-201101025.After we decided on the topic that is Laser Based Intruder Alarm. I came up the Circuit . Our first attempt was a failure. In our first attempt we used Voltage Regulator IC-7805 , Phototransistor L14F1, Opamp IC-LM356, Timer IC-555, Transistor ââ¬â BC548. Then we searched for various others circuits, finally while watching some videos on Laser Alarms We found out a circuit . In our second attempt we connected this circuit and it worked. The components we used in this circuit are ââ¬â Counter ââ¬â 4017, instead of Phototransistor in the previous circuits we used a LDR( light dependantResistor) , Opamp IC-741. After we finished the basic Laser Circuit we came up with this idea of using an RF Transmitter a nd Reciever , so that we detect the alarm at the place we want. I also spent some time in studying and understanding the circuit. I did my part in connecting the circuit. We assigned tasks to every member of our group regarding the working principles of Laser Circuit, Transmitter , Reciever , Slot Sensor. My task was to study and understand the working of Laser Alarm circuit. First we connected everything on the Breadboard and checked whether the circuit worked.And then finally we soldered the RF transmitter and Reciever on the PCB. I also helped in soldering the circuit. Even after we finished everything our circuit didnââ¬â¢t function properly twice or thrice at that time I helped in debugging the circuit. Karan J. Dave ID: 201101019 I was very excited to do project after we decided the project of Laser Based Security Alarm. First of all I tried to find some circuits of such project in Google and YouTube. We found some 2-3 circuits from different source but in 2 of them we chas ed many problems regarding to buzz on and off alarm. Finally we got one circuit from YouTube.I studied about chips which are used in that circuit. I studied about LDR, OP-AMP and 4017 TIMER. I got the chance to know about inverting and non-inverting OP-AMP. I studied about 4017 TIMER from its datasheet got from the internet and I had known about that from my friends also. I studied about HT12E (Encoder) which was used in RF-Transmitter and HT12D (Decoder) used in RF-Receiver. I did soldering of some of the circuits. I did circuit assembling and debugging with my friends. I did also resource-management work for our project. I really enjoyed the whole project by doing this all things.Thanks to you sir for giving us this wonderful opportunity. From our project we have learnt team-work, time-management and we could feel that now we are the engineers. T Pavan Nagaraju Id: 201101024 Initially I helped in connecting a Alarm Based circuit Interface which consists of Voltage Regulator IC-780 5 , Phototransistor L14F1, Opamp IC-LM356, Timer IC-555, Transistor ââ¬â BC548. But we are unable to get The Desired Output from It then We Switched to a circuit that does the work of alarm and many of our group mates were not able to understand the working of IC 4017 Timer.Which works using Jonson Counter I understood the Concept and working principle of the Jonson Counter Which is basically made of 5 bi-stable (D-Flip flops) I understood that which a Logic from this 10 states of the Jonson Counter the output pins get hot coded high output. And get to know how this reset button be useful and Implemented in this IC 4017 . As This IC 4017 is made of n-MOS I applied my Digital Logic Knowledge and come to know that there will be some Dynamic Hazards. I had soldered the Receiver part in the RF Receiver And understood why encoding is necessary In any signal transmission .So we can have Bit recovery and Safe Signal transmission. I worked in circuit assembling and debugging circuits. I did the documentation part for the presentation regarding 4017-Timer and Receiver part. Archit Bakliwal ID: 201101005. When we started our project, our key concern was to make a security alarm. But as we proceed further, we also used the idea of slot sensing which is mainly used for the entry of authentic person in banks, buildings etc. But later on, all of sudden, I thought that there is no part of communication in out project. Then everyone realized that we have to do something more than just making an alarm.So, Then, I, along with one of my friend, came up with the idea of making receiver and transmission interface in our project. Soldering is referred as major part of making a circuit. Initially, it seemed to be difficult task because chips were more likely to burn but as I had a little experience with it, so it didnââ¬â¢t remain a tough task for us. I have also played keen role in assembling the circuit which was not an easy task. I have also contributed in making the circu it and have done detailed study on functionality of various components of the circuit.Specially regarding Timer4017,LM71 Opamp, HT12e Encoder, HT12d Decoder, RWS 434 receiver, TWS 434 transmitter etc. This detailed study helped me to know about the components and analyzing the circuit for resource management and documentation. DHARMIK THAKKAR Id: 201101006 Our Project was LASER BASED INTRUDER DETECTION ALARM which could be used for security system in building apartments, banks, malls, etc. The project was extended to validate the entry of some authentic person such that a person with valid card enters the buzzer shouldnââ¬â¢t buzz. For this purpose slot sensors were used to keep a check upon valid entry.The project further used RF Transmitter and Receiver interface so that if some unauthentic entry takes place security system is alerted which was accomplished by glowing LEDââ¬â¢s at Receiver interface. My role for the project was study of chips which included analysing availab ility and functionalities of LDR, TWS TRANSMITTER 434, RWS RECEIVER 434 and DECODER HT12D. I helped my team mates in Soldering purpose as it seemed to be tough task for us. Soldering purpose was successfully accomplished without burning chips by the use of chip sockets and female strips. I collected information regarding various phases i. . Alarm, Sensor and RF Transmitter and Receiver interfaces of our project and analysed the circuit for Resource Management and Documentation that could be used for Slide Preparation. I also helped in Circuit Assembling. Prasoon Id: 201101036 After lots of idea's our group stick to the topic that is Laser Based Intruder Detector Alarm in which we created a body which contained a main circuit that produced voltage when light didnââ¬â¢t fall on the LDR. The circuit contained many component that need to be study so I helped in understanding the function of opamp LM 741.The material for our project was hard to find sometime so I was the one of the pr ime candidate for fetching these material. Our circuit also contained audrino board, Slot sensor(for security system) and RF transmitter and receiver these circuits were also hard to make but our group combined to make it look easy. I helped in assembling these circuit many times. Soldering also was a main part of our project which was a difficult task, I helped in many parts of the task also we needed to remove mistake from the circuit and documentation which was also a combined effort, In presentation every one had there slides to make.At the last itââ¬â¢s a combined effort by our group. Ankit Chaparwal ID: 201101017. For the project everybody came up with new innovative ideas, at last we decided to make a laser based intruder detection alarm, but in group discussion we decided to make it in a security system to validate entry of an authentic person. For this purpose we used slot sensors. In the project I helped the Group members in soldering . Other then that I had assembled t he receivers circuit with one of the Group members and also prepared Slide for presentation on LDR .Studied on LDR and thought about how it can be used as a sensor in our circuit. Anuroop Kuppam My involvement in the project , coding the Arduino micro-controller. In our project Arduino provides an interface between the slot sensors and the alarm system. So the micro-controller needs to be coded. The micro-controller takes the input from the slot sensors and then decides whether to enable the alarm system or not. Hence the operating voltages margins of the micro-controller needs to be determined manually.After this was done we used these margins in making the micro-controller work accordingly. Having seen a lot of coding samples on the INTERNET , I came up with a code which serves the purpose of the project . The code then was debugged in certain places and further processed and fine tuned to fit perfectly and decrease various delays that we have encountered in the course of making t he alarm system. I also soldered the various components of the RF receiver and the slot sensor onto the perforated circuit board and debugged the circuit to make it work.
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
The Background Of Christopher Columbus - 1361 Words
2. Describe the background of Christopher Columbus. 150 Words Cristoforo Colombo or commonly known today as, Christopher Columbus, was a navigator, sailor, and a coloniser who was inspired by other sailors books such as, Livres des merveilles du monde (Book of the Marvels of the world), published by Marco Polo. He was thought to be born on 31st October 1451 in Genoa, Republic of Genoa, but historians havenââ¬â¢t actually confirmed this to be true. He was the son of two wool weavers named Domenico Colombo and Susanna Fontanarossa. He was also the husband of Filipa Moniz Perestrello. He was famous for accidently finding, then colonising The New World which is commonly known today as America. Itââ¬â¢s commonly thought that he was the first person to discover America but America was discovered by Lief Erikson, a Viking of a few centuries prior to Columbusââ¬â¢s time. Christopher Columbus passed away from gout in 1506. 3. Achievements of Christopher Columbus. 330 Words 3.1. Finding and Colonising the New World. Columbusââ¬â¢s first journey was sponsored by King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, the Catholic Monarchs of Aragon, Castile, and Leon in Spain. The funding was used to give Columbus crew members and the money to afford three ships called the Nià ±a, Pinta, and Santa Marà a. Columbus and his crew then sailed west in hopes to find a new route to lucrative Chinese trade markets or a new Silk Road. After two months (October 12 1492) of sailing, a sailor named Rodrigo de Triana spotted land.Show MoreRelatedChristopher Columbus : The Oldest Of Two Siblings1131 Words à |à 5 PagesChristoforo Colombo, also known as Christopher Columbus, was born in the Republic of Genoa (Italy) at 1451. Christopher Columbus was the oldest of two siblings. He came from a very poor background, thus giving him very little education. He learned to read and write only as an adult. The city of Genoa was a seaport, so there were many sailors. Columbusââ¬â¢ family was very poor but it still didnââ¬â¢t stop Columbus from setting his dreams on sailing. Columbus started his career with fishing trips and eventuallyRead MoreEssay On Columbus Day1399 Words à |à 6 PagesIn every school in the United States, teachers would teach students about Columbus and his journey to the Americas and how his discovery would eventually lead to the beginning of the colonization of the Americas. Every student knows who Columbus is: an explorer from Spain who set sailed to the Americas in 1492 with his ship: The Nina, The Pinta, and the Santa Maria. However, there is more than meets the eye. Christopher Columbusââ¬â¢s achievements have created a ââ¬Å"mindsetâ⬠in which many people will followRead MoreWe Should Abolish Columbus Day1389 Words à |à 6 Pages 2016 We Should Abolish Columbus Day Only two federal holidays in the United States bear the name of two specific men, ironically one of them fought racism -- Martin Luther King Jr., and the other was a genocidal racist ââ¬â Chistopher Columbus. Opposition to Columbus Day (observed on the second Monday of October) has intensified in recent decades, while the former passes each year with relatively little controversy. The issue of if we should still celebrate Columbus Day is widely discussed. TheRead MoreWhitmans Leaves of Grass and Song of Myself, and Columbuss Letter to Ferdinand and Isabella1009 Words à |à 4 Pageslearned valuable tools and techniques when it comes to writing and analyzing different types of literature. I will thoroughly explore what Whitman, Columbus and Smith meant in specific passages of a few of their literature works. Whitmanââ¬â¢s free verse poems, ââ¬Å"Leaves of Grassâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Song of Myselfâ⬠, seemed to be most appealing. I also found Christopher Columbusââ¬â¢s â â¬Å"Letter to Lluis de Santangelâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Letter to Ferdinand and Isabellaâ⬠to be quite intriguing about life back then. Even John Smithââ¬â¢s writingsRead MoreMontaigne,Shakespeare and Columbus; The Argument of Savagery Essay1123 Words à |à 5 PagesBoth Montaigne and Columbus have the opportunity of observing outside cultures immune to the modern society they live in. Both make judgements relating to the preconceptions they have about civilization and modern society. However, each author has a completely different outlook on the civilizations and so called barbarians they observe. Christopher Columbus views himself as superior to the Natives of the lands based off of his preconceptions. Columbus mentions in his writings how great his land,Read MoreThe Discovery Of The Bahamas1522 Words à |à 7 Pagesexisting knowledge from kindergarten to high school, Columbus has always been described as a heroic figure who overcame countless obstacles fearlessly and finall y found the ââ¬Å"New World.â⬠For a long time, there were numerous authors, poets, and painters praising Columbusââ¬â¢s legendary journey and his extraordinary contribution to mankind. However, after reading ââ¬Å"The Discovery of the Bahamas,â⬠the sailing logs written by Columbus, I figured that Columbus may not be such a man who is worthy of all the praisesRead MoreEssay on Christopher Columbus Influenced Spain and Europe2243 Words à |à 9 Pagescentury was a time of change and Europe and Spain made the effort to move to the American lands. Spain and Europe did not know what to expect when it came to traveling to the new world. Soon came of Chistoforo Columbo or Cristobal Colon, born in 1446. Columbus as he is known after his death in 1506 changed the world for Europe, Spain and the New World. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the time of Europe many difficulties came across. The trade to the new word became a trade boom in the 15th century.Read MoreSir Arthur Conan Doyle Would Have Approved of Young Sherlock Holmes833 Words à |à 4 Pages ââ¬Å"You can get up now, Watson. The war is over.â⬠(Columbus) Many readers may be familiar with the Scottish physician and author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle who wrote short stories about a famous detective named Sherlock Holmes and his assistant, Dr. John H. Watson (Wilson). The 1985 film, Young Sherlock Holmes is an imaginative creation of how Holmes and Watson met during their younger years. In the beginning of the film, the viewers are introduced to the young detective Sherlock Holmes and later introducedRead MoreImmigration And The United States Essay1678 Words à |à 7 Pages Immigration has been a major uprising debate in the United States ever since immigrants immigrated from European countries in the late 1400s. It all started w hen Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492 by accident and took everything away from the Native Americans. Today more than one million people are coming into the United States from many different counties and for many different reasons. The main reason they are coming to the United States is for a better life, they come here chasingRead MoreThe Freedom Of Speech Across The Globe1266 Words à |à 6 Pagespersonal judgement that you cannot control. Usually, it is a feeling someone has based on facts or other opinions. They can be changed, swayed, and even retained for a long time. According to American Politics Today (APT), opinions derive from your background. For example, the APT states, ââ¬Å"Theories of political socialization show that many peopleââ¬â¢s political opinions start with what they learned from their parents and surrounding their culture.â⬠It can be observed that a large part of our identity is
Tuesday, December 31, 2019
The, Antigone, And The Island By Athol Fugard - 1423 Words
Try thinking about every time you have been bullied or feel segregated from a group of people. There are countless amounts of times where we can recall a time where we feel like the odd person out or the last person picked to play kickball. ââ¬Å"Oh, they have John! We are definitely going to win now!â⬠are never words you want to hear about you ever. Our natural instincts as humans is bottle up all of our negative energy and attempt to forget about what had just transpired and move forward. For some people, this may be very difficult due to the fact that their life depends on it. Apartheid in South Africa segregated races in order to purify their country. It can be easily seen that most of these blacks would have been very unhappy with the government they are apart of. The negative energy doesnââ¬â¢t always get bottled up in this case and sometimes it leads to revolt, such as in Sophoclesââ¬â¢, Antigone, and in The Island by Athol Fugard. Unfortunately, many people get k illed when this such event occurs. Since the entire country of South Africa is under racial prejudice, similar to Creonââ¬â¢s rule in Antigone, the characters in both The Island and Antigone feel the obligation to protest authority and change the course of their lives in similar methods. It is first very important to understand deep history of Apartheid to actually understand the story of The Island and the messages it sends. The beginning of Apartheid marked a big turning point in South African history. In the beginning,Show MoreRelatedThe Island by Athol Fugard2088 Words à |à 9 PagesThe Island (1973) Athol Fugard A Quick Rundown of The Island - The Island is a Fugard play that resorts to the Classics to protest Apartheid. - It takes place in four scenes, opening with a lengthy mimed sequence in which John and Winston, two cell mates in prison on Robben Island, carry out one of the totally pointless and exhausting tasks designed by warders to break the spirit of political prisoners. - Winston has been sentenced to prison for life because he burned his passbook in front
Monday, December 23, 2019
Organisational Behaviour - Movie Review - 4166 Words
ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR MOVIE REVIEW ON GLADIATOR GMBA January 2008 Avinash Anand ââ¬Å"We mortals are but Shadows and Dust Maximusâ⬠¦ Shadows and Dust!â⬠- Proximo Summary The movie, set in 180 A.D. traces the journey of a man who goes from being a trusted army General to the Emperor of Rome to a Slave to a Gladiator who eventually defies the Empire to exact his revenge and ensure that Rome gets converted back into a Republic. The movie highlights various aspects of inter personal relationships, group dynamics, leadership qualities and personal qualities such as courage, determination, self belief, love, jealousy, ambition and most of all Power. Character Analysis Maximus (Played by Russell Crowe) The central character of theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Among managers, Type D practices constitute an ideal state from the standpoint of organizational effectiveness. Maximus is a great leader who likes honesty and trust with all members of his team. In order to build this trust and loyalty, he demonstrates his abilities on the battlefield and earns the respect and trust of his team members. Once this relationship is established, and the members are comfortable with Maximus, the leader, a two way communication process gets established wherein there is feedback as well as disclosure and this is seen especially in Maximusââ¬â¢s interaction with Juba. Marcus Aurelius (Played by Richard Harris) Marcus Aurelius ââ¬â a great Roman Emperor with the vision of a peaceful and just empire. A philosopher ââ¬â Marcus wants the world to look up to Rome as its light. He has spent all his time as Cesar to make sure that his vision of Rome is realised. Even though he holds the position of Cesar, he strongly believes in the Republic system of empire where highest powers are vested with the Senate. He puts this belief over the interests of his son who is aiming to become the next ruler of Rome. This shows the mark of a selfless leader and a visionary. He wants to appoint a morally upright man as his successor who will eventually hand over power to the senate and does this by chosing Maximus because of his integrity and capabilities. This decision ofShow MoreRelatedPerformance and Reward Issues for Mcdonalds4049 Words à |à 17 PagesCONTENTS 1.0 Introductionâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.pg.3 2.0 Organisational Analysis and Issues Identifiedâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.pg.3 3.0 Recommendationsâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.pg.5 4.0 Action Planningâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...pg.5 4.1 Action Planning for owner-operators, for managementâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..â⬠¦pg.6 4.2 Action Planning for staffâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.pg.7 5.0 Informal Feedbackâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..â⬠¦..pg.8 5.1 How Informal feedbackRead MoreHuman Resource Management Notes Essay example3968 Words à |à 16 Pagesï » ¿MGMT 2718 Human Resource Management Notes Introduction People are our most valued resource ââ¬ËNewââ¬â¢ emphasis on achieving organisational success through management of people HRM as the ââ¬Ëorganisationââ¬â¢s conscienceââ¬â¢ ââ¬â where workers can expect to be treated with fairness HR ââ¬ËProcessââ¬â¢ ââ¬â recruitment, selection, training and development, performance management, reward and motivation, redundancy ââ¬ËHardââ¬â¢ ââ¬â ââ¬Ëmilitaryââ¬â¢ model ââ¬â management as commander ââ¬â dictates strategy, then HRM follows ââ¬â quantitativeRead MoreThe Film Friends With Benefits as a Case Study To Explore Workplace Behavior2966 Words à |à 12 Pagesapply theory appropriately. To do this, I have studied English Character is Dylan Harper played by Justin Timberlake, in the movie Friends with Benefits. This report seeks to apply course theory, and develop actions (the actions can be initiated by others, managers, work colleagues, family members and /or by the characters themselves). In effect, this report has used the movie Friends with Benefits as an enriched case study that allows viewers to explore the complexity and subtlety of workplace behaviorRead MorePsychology Ncert Book 1 Chapter Notes11190 Words à |à 45 Pagesrole of psychology in understanding mind and behaviour, state the growth of the discipline, know the different fields of psychology, its relatio nship with other disciplines, and professions, and appreciate the value of psychology in daily life to help you understand yourself and others better. Contents Introduction What is Psychology? Psychology as a Discipline Psychology as a Natural Science Psychology as a Social Science Understanding Mind and Behaviour Popular Notions about the Discipline of PsychologyRead MoreCore Competence of the Corporation1853 Words à |à 8 Pagesleader in the semiconductor industry, is a designer and manufacturer of semiconductor components and related computers, of microcomputer systems, and of software (Pearce et al 2005, p207).ââ¬â¢ The theory is also closely linked to another Gary Hamel review, whereby he suggests certain conditions are required for successful management innovation. He suggests the approach must be a fairly novel concept, challenging the orthodox, decentralised, western management norms. Secondly, it must encompass a rangeRead MoreColes Human Resources Management Report Essay3676 Words à |à 15 Pagesplace. With over 749 stores across Australia, Coles supermarkets have been able to reach out to consumers and create a cash inflow to generate their revenue and ROI (Coles 2012). 1.2 Organisational structure at Coles stores and the importance of Managers. Moving forward to take a closer look at the organisational structure of the stores, the key employees running the daily functions were identified. Each Coles store has a Store Manager to manage the whole store. Then, the store manager has a secondRead MoreIntroduction to Large Scale Organizations18988 Words à |à 76 Pagesbetween LSO s encourages all organisations to strive for world s best practice status -World s Best Practice ââ¬â comprehensive, integrate and continuous approach to apply and improve upon worldclass standards of performance to all aspects of an organisational How do LSO s increase: *Merging ââ¬â two or more organisations join, implies both parties have taken a degree of equality *Acquisition ââ¬â purchasing of an organisations shares and assets by another, also known as a takeover For themselves Dis-economiesRead MorePixar- Culture and Organisations Essay3749 Words à |à 15 Pagestop grossing animated films of all time (Pixar, 2010). The company has won many Academy awards for Best Animated Feature film, and puts its success largely down to the ââ¬Å"rare talentâ⬠of its employees (Prokesch, 2008). Pixarââ¬â¢s operates a strong organisational culture, which has seen it become a benchmark for other companies in the film making industry. The companyââ¬â¢s key objective is ââ¬Å"to combine proprietary technology and world-class creative talent to develop computer-animated feature films with memorableRead MoreCulture Change as a Universal Intervention of Behaviour Change in Tobacco and Alcohol Use and Suicide3267 Words à |à 13 PagesCulture change as a universal intervention of behaviour change in tobacco and alcohol use and suicide GENERAL INTRODUCTION Impact, personal and otherwise, of alcohol, tobacco and suicide is pervasive and pronounced. Primary and secondary prevention of tobacco and alcohol use and suicide have mixed stories of success. Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) attributable to alcohol use is relatively much higher than for many other conditions (1). In the Global Burden of Disease study from 2010 alcoholRead MoreBuzz Marketing4625 Words à |à 19 Pagesactually believing in the product themselves. This raises the ethical issues of Buzz Marketing because ââ¬Ëfor some reason, people love to share experiences with one another ââ¬â the restaurant where they had lunch, the computer they just bought, which movie they just saw ââ¬â and when those experiences are favourable, the recommendations can snowball resulting in a runaway of successâ⬠(Dye, 2000, pg 139). The ethical issues of Buzz marketing can be interpreted as companies wanting buzz promotion, that the
Sunday, December 15, 2019
Flow Past Aerofoil Free Essays
ME2135E Lab Report Flow Past an Aerofoil by LIN SHAODUN Lab Group Date A0066078X 2B 10th Feb 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXPERIMENTAL DATA ââ¬â TABLE 1, 2, 3 2 GRAPH ââ¬â ? 4 GRAPH ââ¬â ? 5 GRAPH ââ¬â 6 SAMPLE CALCULATION 7 DISCUSSION 8 1 EXPERIMENTAL DATA Table 1: Coordinate of Pressure Tapping Tapping No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Note: Table 2: Pressure Readings Manometer inclination: Pressure Readings Pitot Pressure Static Pressure Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric Temperature Stall angle: At the end of the experiment 474 mm 497 mm 500 mm 29à °C (mm) 0. 0 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Flow Past Aerofoil or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5 5. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 (mm) 0. 000 3. 268 4. 443 5. 853 7. 172 7. 502 7. 254 6. 617 5. 04 4. 580 3. 279 0 0. 025 0. 049 0. 098 0. 197 0. 295 0. 394 0. 492 0. 591 0. 689 0. 787 0 0. 032 0. 044 0. 058 0. 071 0. 074 0. 071 0. 065 0. 056 0. 045 0. 032 At the beginning of the experiment 474 mm 497 mm 500 mm 29à °C 2 Manometer Readings at various Tapping 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 478 489 494 501 505 506 506 505 502 501 500 496 478 484 492 498 500 502 502 500 499 499 495 475 478 486 494 497 499 500 498 498 498 493 476 475 480 488 493 495 498 496 496 498 486 540 532 528 522 518 516 514 507 503 502 509 562 550 546 526 522 518 514 508 504 502 495 523 520 520 518 517 516 516 515 515 515 498 516 514 515 516 515 514 514 512 513 514 Table 3: Pressure Coefficients ( ) Free Stream Velocity v v v ( ) Reynolds Number 3 Coefficients at various Tapping 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 -0. 956 -0. 478 -0. 261 0. 043 0. 217 0. 261 0. 261 0. 217 0. 087 0. 043 0. 000 -0. 174 -0. 956 -0. 696 -0. 348 -0. 087 0. 000 0. 087 0. 087 0. 000 -0. 043 -0. 043 0. 783 -1. 087 -0. 956 -0. 609 -0. 261 -0. 130 -0. 043 0. 000 -0. 087 -0. 087 -0. 087 2. 174 -1. 043 -1. 087 -0. 869 -0. 522 -0. 304 -0. 217 -0. 087 -0. 174 -0. 174 -0. 087 -0. 609 1. 739 1. 391 1. 217 0. 956 0. 783 0. 696 0. 609 0. 304 0. 130 0. 087 0. 391 2. 695 2. 74 2. 000 1. 130 0. 956 0. 783 0. 609 0. 348 0. 174 0. 087 -0. 217 1. 000 0. 869 0. 869 0. 783 0. 739 0. 696 0. 696 0. 652 0. 652 0. 652 -0. 087 0. 696 0. 609 0. 652 0. 696 0. 652 0. 609 0. 609 0. 522 0. 565 0. 609 GRAPH ? 3. 0 2. 5 2. 0 1. 5 CPL , CPU against X/C @ 4à ° Cpl 3. 0 2. 5 CPL , CPU against X/C @ 8à ° Cpl Cpu 2. 0 1. 5 Cpu CPL ,CPU CPL ,CPU 1. 0 0. 5 0. 0 -0. 5 -1. 0 -1. 5 0. 0 0. 1 0. 2 0. 3 0. 4 0. 5 0. 6 0 . 7 0. 8 0. 9 1. 0 1. 0 0. 5 0. 0 -0. 5 X/C -1. 0 -1. 5 0. 0 0. 1 0. 2 0. 3 0. 4 0. 5 0. 6 0. 7 0. 8 X/C 0. 9 1. 0 Area = 0. 437 Area = 0. 813 4 3. 2. 5 2. 0 1. 5 CPL , CPU against X/C @ 12à ° 3. 0 2. 5 CPL , CPU against X/C @ 16à ° Cpl Cpu 2. 0 1. 5 Cpl Cpu CPL ,CPU CPL ,CPU X/C 0. 0 0. 1 0. 2 0. 3 0. 4 0. 5 0. 6 0. 7 0. 8 0. 9 1. 0 1. 0 0. 5 0. 0 -0. 5 -1. 0 -1. 5 1. 0 0. 5 0. 0 -0. 5 -1. 0 -1. 5 0. 0 0. 1 0. 2 0. 3 0. 4 0. 5 0. 6 0. 7 0. 8 X/C 0. 9 1. 0 Area = 0. 858 GRAPH ? Area = 0. 729 3. 0 2. 5 2. 0 1. 5 CPF , CPR against Y/C @ 4à ° Cpf Cpr 3. 0 2. 5 2. 0 1. 5 CPF , CPR against Y/C @ 8à ° Cpf Cpr CPF ,CPR 1. 0 0. 5 0. 0 -0. 5 -1. 0 CPU ,CPR Y/C 1. 0 0. 5 0. 0 -0. 5 -1. 0 Y/C -1. 5 -0. 10 -0. 08 -0. 06 -0. 4 -0. 02 0. 00 0. 02 0. 04 0. 06 0. 08 0. 10 -1. 5 -0. 10 -0. 08 -0. 06 -0. 04 -0. 02 0. 00 0. 02 0. 04 0. 06 0. 08 0. 10 Area = 0. 032 Area = 0. 079 5 3. 0 2. 5 2. 0 CPF , CPR against Y/C @ 12à ° Cpf Cpr 3. 0 2. 5 2. 0 1. 5 CPF , CPR against Y/C @ 16à ° Cpf Cpr 1. 5 C PL ,CPU CPL ,CPU Y/C 1. 0 0. 5 0. 0 1. 0 0. 5 0. 0 -0. 5 -1. 0 -0. 5 -1. 0 Y/C -1. 5 -0. 10 -0. 08 -0. 06 -0. 04 -0. 02 0. 00 0. 02 0. 04 0. 06 0. 08 0. 10 -1. 5 -0. 10 -0. 08 -0. 06 -0. 04 -0. 02 0. 00 0. 02 0. 04 0. 06 0. 08 0. 10 Area = -0. 038 GRAPH Area = -0. 053 0. 437 0. 813 0. 858 0. 729 0. 32 0. 079 -0. 038 -0. 053 0. 434 0. 794 0. 847 0. 715 0. 062 0. 191 0. 141 0. 150 0. 439 0. 877 1. 316 1. 755 1. 8 1. 6 1. 4 1. 2 Cl Cd CL , CD against ? CL,CD, 2 1. 0 0. 8 0. 6 0. 4 0. 2 0. 0 2*Pi*a -0. 2 0. 0 2. 0 4. 0 6. 0 8. 0 ? 10. 0 12. 0 14. 0 16. 0 6 SAMPLE CALCULATION The sample calculation is based on Tapping 2 Table 1: Coordinate of Pressure Tapping Table 3: Pressure Coefficients 1. Air Density at 29à °C ( ) ( ) 2. Free Stream Velocity v v v ( ) 3. Reynolds Number 4. Pressure Coefficient ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 5. Lift and Drag Coefficient 7 DISCUSSION 1. Plot CL and CD against Please refer to Page 6. on the same graph. 2. Compare the experimentally measured CL with the Thin Aerofoil Theory prediction of . Discuss the similarity and discrepancy observed. The graph shows at small attack angle (4à ° and 8à °), the measured Lift coefficient is quite close to theoretical predicted value , this is because at small attack angle, air stream flows along the aerofoil surface smoothly without flow separation, which fulfills the basic assumption of Thin Aerofoil Theory, hence the experimental result matches with theoretical value well. When further increase attack angle, the streamline become highly curved, until at certain angle the streamline is no longer attached to the aerofoil surface and flow separation is occurred, massive turbulence wake appears on aerofoil upper surface, which greatly reduce the lift. At this moment aerofoil is actually ââ¬Å"blockingâ⬠the air flow, hence the Lift coefficient is significantly reduced after reach Stall angle, and can no long follow the theoretical predicted value . 3. What would you expect the lift and drag force to be when At , since the 0015 aerofoil is symmetrical, the pressure on upper and lower surface of aerofoil is the same, hence it will not produce any lift force. The of 0015 aerofoil is 0. 0147 at (when Re=80000), so there is small drag force even at 8 4. Does the why. which you have obtained gives the total drag on the aerofoil? Explain Total Drag of aerofoil is contributed by Parasite Drag and Induced Drag, the Parasite Drag is related to , while Induce drag is a byproduct of lift. Induce drag is a drag force occurs when aerofoil redirects the airflow coming at it. Refer to below diagram, the lift force is normal to chord of aerofoil, when decompose the lift force to horizontal and vertical component, the horizontal component , which is in the same direction of drag. 5. Explain from the pressure distribution why there is a lift force. Using as example, the pressure distribution diagram shows the lower surface of aerofoil has lesser pressure drop ? igher pressure, while upper surface of aerofoil has much higher pressure drop, result in lower pressure. The integration of pressure drop along the aerofoil is the area under the curve, which represents force in a unit length of aerofoil, compare the area enclosed for upper and lower surface, we can see the there is a resultant lift force produced. 3. 0 2. 5 2. 0 1. 5 CPL , CPU against X/C @ 8à ° Cpl Cpu CPL ,CPU 1. 0 0. 5 0. 0 -0. 5 -1. 0 -1. 5 0. 0 0. 1 0. 2 0. 3 0. 0. 5 0. 6 0. 7 0. 8 0. 9 1. 0 X/C 9 6. Comment on the pressure distribution on the aerofoil when stall is reached. Using as example, when stall angle is reached, the pressure drop of upper surface become insignificant due to massive turbulent wake, hence the lift force is greatly reduce and stall happens. 3. 0 2. 5 2. 0 1. 5 CPL , CPU against X/C @ 16à ° Cpl Cpu CPL ,CPU 1. 0 0. 5 0. 0 -0. 5 -1. 0 -1. 5 0. 0 0. 1 0. 2 0. 3 0. 4 0. 5 0. 6 0. 7 0. 8 X/C 0. 9 1. 0 10 How to cite Flow Past Aerofoil, Papers
Friday, December 6, 2019
Treasury and Risk Management Samples â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about the Treasury and Risk Management. Answer: Determining the fairly, over and under priced future contracts: Risk free rate 0.80% Cost per ounce $ 3.00 Delivery data (months) (A) Future price per ounce (B) Current spot price (C) Discounting (D=e-0.80%*A) Exp spot price (E=(B*D)(3*A) Difference E-C Indication 1 $ 1,293.48 $ 1,280.00 0.99 $ 1,280.17 $ 0.17 Fairly priced 2 $ 1,310.66 $ 1,280.00 0.98 $ 1,283.86 $ 3.86 Overpriced 3 $ 1,318.77 $ 1,280.00 0.98 $ 1,278.50 $ (1.50) Underpriced 6 $ 1,358.99 $ 1,280.00 0.95 $ 1,277.30 $ (2.70) Underpriced From the evaluation of above calculation only the first contract is identified as fairly priced, while the rest contracts are either underpriced or overpriced. This mainly indicates that the overall futures contract needs to be drafted much better for reducing the arbitrage opportunity (Chance and Brooks 2015). Identifying the arbitrage opportunity by inspecting each contract against the spot gold price: Risk free rate 0.80% Cost per ounce $ 3.00 Delivery data (months) (A) Future price per ounce (B) Current spot price (C) Discounting (D=e0.80%*A) Exp spot price (E=(C*D)(3*A) Difference E-B 1 $ 1,293.48 $ 1,280.00 1.01 $ 1,293.28 $ (0.20) 2 $ 1,310.66 $ 1,280.00 1.02 $ 1,306.64 $ (4.02) 3 $ 1,318.77 $ 1,280.00 1.02 $ 1,320.09 $ 1.32 6 $ 1,358.99 $ 1,280.00 1.05 $ 1,360.94 $ 1.95 The overall gold futures contract could eventual help in identifying the profit that could be generated from the investment. There is relevant arbitrage opportunity that could be identified from the gold prices from today, which is seen in the above table. There is relevant arbitrage opportunity, which could be used by the individual investors to generate riskless trade from investment. From months 3 and 6 overall future price is less than spot future price, which directly allows the investors to gain extra income from their investment in futures. Bodie (2013) mentioned that increasing future price could eventually allow the investor to generate higher revenue from investment. Describing the arbitrage opportunity by combining two futures: The combination of Futures for 3 month and futures for 6 month eventually helps in identifying the Arbitrage opportunity. From the evaluation of table 1 and table 2, significant information can be gathered regarding future value and spot value of the gold contact. Difference between future contract and the expected spot price in future is relatively positive for 3 months future and negative for 2 months future.This only indicates that using 3 months future relevant arbitrage opportunity could be used by the investor for an additional benefit of $1.32. Therefore, buying future contract of 3 months and selling the spot 3 months future could eventually help in gaining and overall profit of $1.32 per gold future contract. This measure could eventually help reducing the risk from trades. However, Lam (2014) argued that assumptions in investments are subject to market risk, which could change with the changing external environment. There is an alternative strategy, where 2 months old furni ture could be sold in the current levels, whereas future spot price in two months could be bought. This could eventually help in getting a profit of $4.02 from the investments conducted in 2 months future contract. References Bodie, Z., 2013.Investments. McGraw-Hill. Chance, D.M. and Brooks, R., 2015.Introduction to derivatives and risk management. Cengage Learning. Lam, J., 2014.Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley Sons.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)